Telescope mounts and tracking systems are crucial components of astronomical telescopes that allow for accurate and steady tracking of celestial objects. They help compensate for the Earth’s rotation, enabling astronomers to observe objects for extended periods and capture detailed images.
There are two primary types of telescope mounts: alt-azimuth and equatorial mounts.
Let’s explore each of them:
Alt-Azimuth Mounts:
An alt-azimuth mount moves a telescope in two perpendicular axes: altitude (up and down) and azimuth (side to side). Alt-azimuth mounts are relatively simple and easy to use. They are commonly found in entry-level telescopes and portable systems. However, they suffer from field rotation, which means that the field of view rotates as the telescope tracks an object, requiring constant adjustment.
Equatorial Mounts:
Equatorial mounts are designed to align with the Earth’s axis of rotation, allowing for smooth tracking of celestial objects as they appear to move across the sky. They have two main components: a polar axis aligned with the celestial north or south pole and a declination axis that allows movement perpendicular to the polar axis. Equatorial mounts eliminate field rotation and provide precise tracking. They are commonly used in professional observatories and high-end amateur telescopes.
Equatorial mounts can be further categorized based on their complexity and capabilities:
Manual Equatorial Mounts:
These mounts require manual adjustments to track objects by turning knobs or using slow-motion controls. They are often used with smaller telescopes and are suitable for visual observations.
Motorized Equatorial Mounts:
Motorized mounts have built-in electric motors and controllers to automate the tracking process. They can be controlled remotely or programmed to track specific objects. Motorized equatorial mounts are commonly used for astrophotography and more extended exposure imaging.
GoTo Mounts:
GoTo mounts are motorized equatorial mounts equipped with computerized systems and databases of celestial objects. With the help of an integrated or external computerized control system, they can automatically locate and track specific objects. Users can select an object from the database; the mount aligns itself and keeps the object centered in the field of view.
Besides the mount type, tracking systems are also crucial for precise tracking. Some standard tracking systems include:
Manual Tracking:
Astronomers manually adjust the telescope’s position to keep the object in the field of view. This method requires constant attention and is generally used for shorter observations or casual viewing.
Clock Drive:
A clock drive is a mechanical or electronic device that moves the telescope at a constant rate to counteract the Earth’s rotation. It enables longer observation periods without constant manual adjustments.
Guided Tracking:
Guided tracking systems use external instruments such as guide scopes or autoguiders to track celestial objects. These systems monitor the position of a guide star and adjust the telescope’s pointing to keep the object centered.
Modern telescope mounts often combine equatorial designs with motorized systems, enabling accurate tracking and computer control. The mount and tracking system choice depends on the intended use, telescope size, budget, and the observer’s experience level.
Altazimuth Telescope Mount
The Best Mount for a Beginner Astronomer
An alt-azimuth mount with basic tracking capabilities would be a suitable choice for a beginner astronomer. Alt-azimuth mounts are generally more intuitive to use and more straightforward to set up compared to equatorial mounts.
They are also more portable, which can be beneficial if you plan to take your telescope to different locations for observation.
When selecting an alt-azimuth mount for a beginner, consider the following factors:
Stability:
Look for a mount that provides stability and vibration-free operation. A sturdy mount will help prevent shaking or wobbling, which can impact your observing experience.
Payload Capacity:
Consider the weight of your telescope and any additional accessories you plan to use, such as eyepieces or cameras. Ensure that the mount can handle the weight without straining or becoming unsteady.
Tracking:
While basic tracking capabilities are recommended, advanced tracking features might be optional for a beginner. Basic tracking will allow you to keep celestial objects centered in the eyepiece for a reasonable duration.
Ease of Use:
Opt for a mount that is easy to set up and operate. Look for intuitive controls and smooth movement adjustments.
Budget:
Consider your budget and find a mount that provides good value for its price. It’s worth investing in a reliable mount to enhance your overall observing experience.
Remember that as you gain more experience and develop specific observing interests, you may want to upgrade to a more advanced mount or tracking system. However, starting with a solid alt-azimuth mount will allow you to explore the night sky and develop your skills as an astronomer.
Astrophotgraphy set up
The Best Mount for Astrophotography
Equatorial mounts are generally preferred for astrophotography because they track celestial objects moving across the sky accurately. Equatorial mounts eliminate field rotation, essential for capturing long-exposure images without star trailing.
Here are some considerations when choosing a mount for astrophotography:
Payload Capacity:
Astrophotography often involves using heavier telescopes, camera equipment, and accessories. Make sure the mount can handle the weight of your equipment without straining or compromising stability.
Tracking Accuracy:
Precise tracking is crucial for astrophotography, especially for longer exposures. Look for a mount with high tracking accuracy, minimal periodic error, and low backlash. It will ensure that your images remain sharp and properly aligned.
Guiding Capability:
Guided tracking systems help improve tracking accuracy by using a separate guide scope or auto guider to monitor a guide star and make real-time adjustments to the mount’s tracking. Consider mounts with guiding ports or built-in guiding features for more precise tracking.
Motorized and Computerized Control:
Motorized equatorial mounts with computerized control systems offer convenience and accuracy. Look for mounts with GoTo capabilities, which can automatically locate and track celestial objects, simplifying the process of framing and imaging your desired targets.
Portability:
Consider the mount’s portability depending on your preferences and intended use. Some astrophotographers may prioritize a mount that is easy to transport and set up at different locations.
Budget:
Astrophotography mounts can range widely in price, so it’s essential to consider your budget. Determine how much you are willing to invest in a high-quality mount that meets your needs.
Popular mounts frequently recommended for astrophotography include the Sky-Watcher HEQ5, Celestron CGX, Orion Atlas EQ-G, and iOptron CEM60. These mounts offer excellent tracking accuracy, good payload capacity, and various advanced features. However, it’s essential to research and compare different models based on your specific requirements and budget before making a final decision.
Sky-Watcher EQM-35 Equatorial GoTo Mount
The Best Computerized Telescope Mount
Regarding computerized telescope mounts, several excellent options are available on the market. The best choice for you will depend on your budget, the type of telescope you own or plan to use, and your specific observing needs.
Here are a few popular computerized telescope mounts worth considering:
Celestron CGX-L:
The Celestron CGX-L is a robust equatorial mount for larger telescopes and heavy astrophotography setups. It offers a high payload capacity, accurate tracking, and advanced features such as All-Star Polar Alignment and multiple tracking rates. The NexStar+ hand controller provides a user-friendly interface for navigating the night sky.
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro:
The Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro mount is popular among astrophotographers. It provides excellent tracking accuracy, a generous payload capacity, and features like built-in PEC (Periodic Error Correction) and an ST-4 auto guider port. The SynScan hand controller enables precise object locating and tracking.
iOptron CEM60:
The iOptron CEM60 is a portable, lightweight equatorial mount with impressive tracking performance. It has a high payload capacity, advanced tracking features, and a built-in WiFi module for wireless control via smartphone or tablet. The hand controller provides intuitive navigation and GoTo functionality.
Losmandy G11:
The Losmandy G11 mount is known for its durability and stability. It can handle heavy payloads and is often favored by astrophotographers using large telescopes. The mount includes a Gemini computerized GoTo system with various tracking options and precise pointing accuracy.
Meade LX850:
The Meade LX850 is a high-end equatorial mount suitable for advanced astrophotography. It offers exceptional tracking performance, heavy-duty build, and permanent periodic error correction features. SmartDrive technology and the StarLock automatic guiding system. The AutoStar II hand controller provides a comprehensive object database and GoTo functionality.
These are just a few examples of telescope mounts and tracking systems widely regarded as reliable and feature-rich. It’s important to carefully assess your specific requirements, budget, and the compatibility of the mount with your telescope before making a final decision.
Additionally, consider reading user reviews and seeking recommendations from experienced astrophotographers to gather more insights before purchasing.
